![]() ![]() B A bug moving to the right and producing disturbances A.Happens with light waves too (affects photography)ġ7 How is DIFFRACTION different from REFRACTION?ĭiffraction = wave bends around an edge Refraction = wave bends because it changes from 1 medium to another (and, therefore, changes speed).ġ8 DOPPLER EFFECT the shift in frequency of wave when a wave source and an observer are moving relative to each other A stationary bug producing disturbances in water A more bending)ġ3 REFRACTION What happens to the ray as it enters the water with less of an angle?ġ4 REFRACTION IN NATURE Wave speed depends on the mediumġ5 DIFFRACTION when a wave bends around an edge or spreads through an opening familiar examples: sound waves (speakers in a room) and water waves (breaker opening in harbors) the amount of diffraction increases with increasing λġ6 DIFFRACTION Being able to hear around corners Resonance When an object vibration at a particular frequency Seen in musical instruments, especially strings Sympathetic resonance When one vibrating object induces a vibration in another object Soldiers do not walk in formation across bridges Tacoma Narrows Bridgeġ2 REFRACTION when a wave changes direction (& speed) as it passes from one medium into another Refraction depends upon density of medium Greater densities mean greater refraction (i.e. When two overlapping waves traveling in opposite direction have the same frequency Points that have no displacement NODES Large, moving displacements ANTINODES (max. ![]() In music interference creates “beats” (changes in loudness & softness) Wave 1 (red) and Wave 2 (blue) combine to form beat pattern (in green) High amplitude = LOUD Low amplitude = soft Smaller displacement (smaller amplitude) crest overlaps trough displacement/ amplitude is reduced crest cancels trough ĩ BEATS: INTERFERENCE Overlapping waves of different f (frequencies) Larger displacement (larger amplitude) crest overlaps crest or tough overlaps trough At a fixed boundary, the wave will reflect but it will turn upside down.Ħ INTERFERENCE when 2 or more waves meet while traveling in the same medium (overlapping waves) the NET displacement (amplitude) is the sum of the amplitude of the waves Constructive or destructive interference Creates standing waves & beats The reflected wave is exactly like the incident wave. ![]() This is called reflection.ģ Law of Reflection This law states the angle of reflection is congruent to the angle of incidence.Ĥ Reflection Waves bounce back at a boundary. 1 INTERACTIONS OF WAVES Interference Refraction DiffractionĢ Reflection When an object or wave hits a surface through which it cannot, pass it bounces back. ![]()
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